Combatting Human African Trypanosomiasis in Uganda within a Decentralized Context

While T.b rhodesiense continues to spread from its traditional focus in the South and East, cases of T.b gambiense continue to be recorded in north-western Uganda in the West Nile Region. Of particular worry is that these foci are currently separated by fewer than 150 kilometers, much of which is inhabited by tsetse flies.1 Starkly contrasting with previous ambitious unsuccessful top-down, continent-wide eradication campaigns, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control has now shifted from governmental to the individual level. In light of this imminent threat, the centre should remain sufficiently empowered to ensure provision of adequate technical expertise, as well as monitoring and evaluation. A literature review on HAT control activities in Uganda allowed for the identification of research gaps.